Low Grade for Algae Efforts

Experts say lawmakers aren’t acting fast enough

Max Chesnes

Treasure Coast Newspapers USA TODAY NETWORK – FLORIDA

Florida’s Blue-Green Algae Task Force gave lawmakers a C average on adopting the scientists’ solutions to curb and clean up water pollution that ignites toxic blooms.

The five experts Gov. Ron DeSantis appointed to the panel in April 2019, who have over a century of shared experience, say lawmakers largely aren’t acting fast enough.

“I’m not satisfied,” said James Sullivan, a task force member and executive director of Florida Atlantic University’s Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute in Fort Pierce. “I won’t be satisfied until Florida’s water is cleaned up.”

The Legislature hasn’t adopted several of the task force’s science-based  initiatives, such as cracking down on polluters, increasing water testing around pollution hotspots, and revamping the state’s flagship pollution-reduction program called Basin Management Action Plans, which a TCPalm investigation revealed isn’t working.

“So many of the issues Florida has right now are related to poor water quality and it’s not just algal blooms,” Sullivan said. “Dying manatees? Poor water quality. Dying coral reefs? Poor water quality. Drinking water contamination? Poor water quality.”

Legislature picks only low-hanging fruit

DeSantis formed the task force to prioritize “the projects which are most urgent” and to “effectively deal with the nutrients, to deal with the algae, and to deal with the red tide.”

Seven months later, the task force had identified eight areas needing improvement:

h Basin Management Action Plans (BMAPs)

h Agriculture and best management practices

h Human waste

h Sewer overflows

h Stormwater treatment systems

h Innovative technologies

h Public health from algal bloom exposure

h Science-based decision-making.

But in the nearly three years since the task force’s inception, only about “10% to 20%” of its recommendations have been fully adopted, said Mike Parsons, a task force member from Florida Gulf Coast University.

“Sometimes I wonder if any of the Legislature listens anymore,” Parsons said. “We’ve done a couple of virtual meetings, are they listening in? Or do they just ignore the whole process?”

Instead, lawmakers have opted for the “lower-hanging” fruit: Easy-to-approve changes that don’t need to go through a lengthy legislative process, such as improving collaboration and communication between state agencies and water managers, he said.

“(The water quality issues) haven’t gotten enough weight for enough people to sit around a table and come up with a bill that’ll get passed,” Parsons said. “Politically, it might be difficult. Some of this you have to do incrementally.”

Legislature not enforcing rules as law

The Legislature has not made some of the task force’s recommendations enforceable law, such as requiring periodic inspections of sewage treatment and disposal systems.

Task force members blamed these roadblocks: lack of political will; hesitance to approve expensive measures; and the complexity of interconnected waterways that people value for different reasons. Floridians rely on water for their work, play and drinking; plus, the health of aquatic plants and animals is an indicator of human health.

“I think we understand the problem,” said Wendy Graham, a task force member and director of the Water Institute at the University of Florida. “We have many of the regulatory programs needed to address the problem” but “it is not clear we are exercising them to the degree needed to solve the problem.”

Task force members acknowledged that solutions are expensive and could take years to implement, but said problems will worsen over time. Water pollution from farm fertilizers, for example, “are expected to be exacerbated” by regional land-use changes and increased rainfall and higher temperatures driven by climate change.

“Unfortunately, there’s no one-sizefits- all” solution, said Valerie Paul, a task force member and director of the Smithsonian Marine Station in Fort Pierce. “If this was easy, it would be solved already.”

BGATF recommendations

The task force wants the state to require all farmers enroll in an honor system to reduce pollution from flowing off their land and maintain records showing they are implementing best management practices (BMPs), such as avoiding nutrient-heavy fertilizers.

A TCPalm investigation found hundreds of farmers around Lake Okeechobee ignored state warning letters to comply with BMPs, while millions of pounds of phosphorus were added to farmland. DEP says it doesn’t have enough data to enforce the rules.

“If you don’t have information, you can’t take action,” Parsons said. “The important thing is to stay objective. As scientists, (we) basically rely on the data. Do we have the best data streams? Have we identified potential solutions?”

The task force recommended:

h More water quality data that would justify continuing the honor system instead of enforcing the rules

h More targeted water quality testing at known pollution hotspots

h For DEP to be more proactive in reducing sewage overflows

h Investments in more technology to prevent algal blooms, not just clean them up.

“There are things the state needs to do to improve its water quality,” Sullivan said. “Why would I be happy if not all those things are done?”

BGATF: Progress made is not enough

The Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), the agency the task force helps guide with its recommendations, defended the progress made by citing increases in funding, septic tank regulations and tracking of farmers’ fertilizer use.

The Clean Waterways Act the Legislature passed in 2020 is also a step in the right direction, Sullivan and Parsons said. Under the law, DEP makes rules based on the task force’s recommendations, said agency spokesperson Dee Ann Miller. Those include:

h Septic tank regulation, and transferring oversight from health officials to DEP

h Plans for power outages at sewage disposal facilities to decrease untreated wastewater pollution spills

h Requiring financial records from all sewage disposal facilities so DEP can track funds for infrastructure upgrades.

“We know there is more work to be done,” Miller said in a prepared statement to TCPalm. “We look forward to the continued support of the task force to ensure science figures prominently into (our) decision-making.”

The governor’s office did not answer TCPalm’s questions about the Legislature’s progress on his task force’s recommendations or DeSantis’ priorities, saying only that DEP’s response “stands for ours as well,” according to spokesperson Jared Williams. The Legislature, Graham said, still needs to fund the staff and programs required to:

h Do a better job of understanding the efficacy of agricultural and urban best-management practices

h Increase monitoring and modeling efforts statewide to systematically track the success of BMPs and BMAPs so experts have estimates of how much, when and where water quality improvement should be expected

h Fund research and demonstration experiments needed to deal with the legacy nutrient problem.

At Florida International University, where task force member Evelyn Gaiser is a biology professor, students who get a C-minus must retake the course next semester.

When it comes to cleaning up Florida’s waters, she said, “There are some major do-overs.”

Follow Max Chesnes on Twitter @MaxChesnes, email him at max.chesnes@tcpalm.com and give him a call at 772-978-2224.

“(The water quality issues) haven’t gotten enough weight for enough people to sit around a table and come up with a bill that’ll get passed.”

Mike Parsons

Task force member from Florida Gulf Coast University